EFFECT OF ESSENTIAL OIL OF ROSA DAMASCENA ON HUMAN COLON CANCER CELL LINE
Aim
In this study we report the effect of the essential oil of Rosa Damascena on human colon cancer cell line (SW742) and human fibroblast cells.
Background
Colon cancer is the second most common fatal malignancy. Owing to the existence of many side effects and problems related to common treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, alternative treatments are being investigated. Some herbal medicines have shown promising results against different types of cancers. Herbal medicines used have included the use naturally occurring essential oils.
Patients and methods
The essential oil of Rosa Damascena was obtained by distillation and its effect on SW742 cellline and fibroblast cells were investigated with cell culture. The cells were cultured and different volumes of essential oil were induced to the cells. After 48 hincubation, cell survival was measured and using statistical analysis, the findings were evaluated and reported.
Results
This study showed that soluble part of Rosa Damascena oil increases cell proliferation in high volumes and the non-soluble component decreases cell proliferation.
Conclusion
The effects of essential oils, such as Rosa Damascena, on cell proliferation require more thorough investigation.
INTRODUCTION
Colorectal cancer is a leading cause of cancer related death in the US, and the second most prevalent fatal cancer worldwide. Half of all patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer eventually die from the disease. Less than 10% of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer will survive more than 5 years after diagnosis.
Digestive cancer patients generally undergo surgical therapy, chemotherapy, radiotherapy or a combination of these treatments. While the effects of these treatments are usually beneficial, most patients also suffer from significant side-effects. Historical documents confirm that Iran has a long-standing history, nearly 3000 years, of medical analysis. This analysis has enclosed the utilization of complementary medicines as well as flavoring medicines, as well as aromatherapy.
Treatments employed in aromatherapy embrace essential oils getable from aromatic plants. Treatments employed in aromatherapy embrace essential oils getable from aromatic plants. Essential oils area unit volatile, complicated compounds characterised by a robust odor and area unit shaped by aromatic plants as secondary metabolites. Aromatherapy includes the indrawn, absorbed, or eaten use of oil extracts from plants and flowers for prophylactic treatment or active treatment. A growing body of clinical and laboratory studies report effects of essential oils on physiological and psychological processes in each animals and humans. Essential oils and their volatile constituents are wide used for antimicrobial, insecticidal, anticancer, inhibitor, medicament, vas, and cosmetic and food applications . Rosid dicot genus Damascenais acknowledge as healthful herb. additionally to its fragrance it’s an extended history of use in ancient medication. many medical specialty effects of this plant, like a therapeutic impact on expelling breast tenderness and reduction of inflammation, particularly of the neck, are rumored. The atar is legendary, not just for its wide application in perfumery and cosmetics, but also, in conjunction with its aroma properties, it’s a valued as a natural drug. it’s believed to posses organic process properties and additionally have mood restful, anti-spasmodic and gall bladder healing impact. medico et al rumored a study of the atar associated its has use in an aromatherapy treatment of internal organ diseases . During this study, biological activities of oil of this plant area unit evaluated against human colon cancer cell line.
ESSENTIAL OIL DISTILLATION
A natural drying method was applied for drying the plant; it was dried at room temperature for two days. Usually the essential oils are extracted by distillation from aromatic herbs. Distillation is one of the most common methods for purification.
Distillation means to separate the material into one, two or more different materials. These compounds have different evaporation time. The essential oil was extracted by a different apparatus – a steam distillation method.
RESULTS
The cells were examined with a microscope after incubation with the 0 and 5μl of essential oil. Their morphological changes were observed. As it is depicted in figure 1 in the both cases (A and B) the fibroblast and SW742 cells morphology has been changed and differed from correspond cells that are cultured in another plate in the absence of essential oil as a control.
Normal fibroblast cells (in consist with literaturehave an elongated and almost spindle-shaped figure in the absence of essential oil cultured in the plate (as an outer control), and also SW742 cells (as outer control) have a rounded appearance. The cells morphology and distribution influenced by essential oil even in the presence of 0μl of essential oil as an inner control.
DISCUSSION
Colon cancer is one of the most common malignancies (16). Herbal plants are potentially useful candidates for treating cancer; they can synthesize a wide diversity of chemical compounds that may influence biological functions (16-19). Furthermore, the historically asserted chemo-preventive properties of aromatic plants are partially attributed to their volatile extracts (essential oils). These oils contain a good kind of active phytochemicals, like flavonoids, monoterpenes, and polyphenols, among several others.
In this study the effect of essential oil of Rosa Damascena was investigated with a colon cancer cell line and normal human fibroblast cells. Following cell culture with the essential oils the cells were examined by MTT assay and results checked for consistence with a microscopic study. Microscopic studies indicate that, the morphology of SW742 cells and human formative cell cells within the presence of assorted volumes of summer damask rose oil are modified. In fact, the impact of oil on the each cell lines is divided in 2 components, the watersoluble and gaseous phases. Since the evaporated phase affects all the cultured cells in a similar way, future survival studies should consider both phases. Cell survival in the absence of essential oil (0μl volume of essential oil or inner control) is affected merely by evaporated phase; cell proliferation is noticeably inhibited.
It can be concluded that, evaporated phase of the oil has an absolute anti cell proliferation properties. The trend in cell survival was consistent with the volume increment of essential oil. For a better understanding of the water soluble phase of essential oil role, a control population was considered as assay indicator, and the evaporated phase effects were neglected. As it is reported in previous studies, in tissue engineering it is essential to apply suitable growth factors for inducing normal cell proliferation but not for malignant cells; low dosages of water soluble phase of essential oil posses this aspect, so it can be consider as potential growth factor. In conclusion, essential oil can be investigated in two different phases: a) Gaseous or vapor phase and b) water-soluble phase. The gas section that would influence the interior management is a very important issue inhibiting cell growth in each SW742 and traditional formative cell cells. In general, we can conclude that essential oil affected on cell survival by in two ways. Firstly, the water soluble phase of essential oil stimulates cell growth in high volumes and secondly the evaporated phase reduces the cell growth. As long as summer damask rose volatile oil has less cytotoxic effects in low volumes on human embryonic cell cells compared with cancer cells, this plant oil could also be Associate in Nursing eligible candidate to be used as a protein. any studies, as a result work, ought to be in dire straits analysis of death mechanisms of this plant, and additionally it’s crucial to look at different neoplastic cell lines; equally, in vivo studies are distinguished to decipher the precise consequence of this plant.